Despite having regular physical examinations every year, Mingming was diagnosed with terminal cancer
Such cases are not uncommon. According to the latest annual report on tumor registration in Hainan Province, lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, gastric cancer, thyroid cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, and nasopharyngeal cancer rank among the top ten most prevalent cancers in Hainan, posing a serious threat to public health and safety.
In fact, a regular physical examination does not equate to a professional cancer screening. Cancer screening emphasizes precise implementation of strategies, and different types of cancer have corresponding standard screening methods.
Ten high-incidence tumor screening methods in Hainan, this article summarizes the ten high-incidence tumor screening methods and prevention suggestions in Hainan.
Citizens can refer to this cancer prevention checklist to self-check whether they and their family members have missed any key screening items, and promptly go to Hainan Cancer Hospital/Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Hainan Medical University to complete the missing screenings.
You can also visit our hospital for consultation, where professional physicians will tailor an individualized and precise screening plan for you.
Lung cancer
1. Screening "Gold Standard": Low-Dose Spiral CT
2. High-risk population: individuals aged 50 to 74; those who have smoked ≥20 packs of cigarettes per year, or have quit smoking less than 15 years ago; long-term passive smokers; those with a family history of lung cancer; occupational exposure to radon, asbestos, heavy metals, etc. for a long time; individuals with previous chronic lung diseases.
3. Prevention suggestions: Quit smoking and stay away from second-hand smoke and third-hand smoke; reduce inhalation of kitchen fumes; avoid exposure to occupational hazards; eat more fresh fruits and vegetables; exercise regularly and maintain a healthy weight.
Liver cancer
1. Screening "gold standard": combined detection of abdominal ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
2. High-risk groups: individuals infected with hepatitis B/C virus; patients with cirrhosis; those with a family history of liver cancer; individuals with long-term alcohol abuse, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, or a history of consuming moldy food.
3. Prevention suggestions: Get vaccinated against hepatitis B; follow standardized antiviral treatment; abstain from alcohol; avoid eating moldy food; control body weight to improve fatty liver.
colorectal cancer
1. Screening "Gold Standard": Colonoscopy
2. High-risk population: individuals aged 45 and above; those with a first-degree relative history of colorectal cancer; individuals with a history of intestinal adenoma or inflammatory bowel disease; those who have a long-term high-fat and low-fiber diet, lead a sedentary lifestyle, are obese, or smoke and drink alcohol.
3. Prevention suggestions: Increase dietary fiber intake, reduce red meat and processed meat; exercise regularly and avoid prolonged sitting; quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption; actively treat inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal polyps.
breast cancer
1. Screening "gold standard": mammography (mammography), combined with ultrasound for dense breasts.
2. High-risk groups: those with a family history of breast cancer; BRCA1/2 gene mutations; early menarche and late menopause; never having given birth, having children late, or never breastfeeding; history of breast atypical hyperplasia.
3. Prevention suggestions: Regular exercise, weight control; limit alcohol intake; marry and have children at an appropriate age, breastfeeding; avoid long-term exposure to exogenous estrogen.
cervical cancer
1. Screening "gold standard": combined screening of HPV testing and cervical cytology (TCT)
2. High-risk groups: sexually active women; persistent infection with high-risk HPV types; multiple sexual partners, early sexual activity; smoking; low immunity; history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
3. Prevention suggestions: Get vaccinated against HPV; practice safe sex; quit smoking; undergo regular screenings; seek timely treatment for cervical lesions.
Stomach cancer
1. Screening "gold standard": gastroscopy
2. High-risk groups: individuals over 40 years old; people living in areas with a high incidence of gastric cancer; individuals infected with Helicobacter pylori; individuals with precancerous conditions such as chronic atrophic gastritis, gastric ulcer, and gastric polyps; individuals with a family history of gastric cancer; individuals who consume a high-salt, pickled diet, smoke, or drink alcohol.
3. Prevention suggestions: eradicate Helicobacter pylori; maintain a low-salt diet, avoid eating pickled and smoked foods; consume more fresh fruits and vegetables; quit smoking and limit alcohol intake; promptly treat gastric precancerous lesions.
thyroid cancer
1. Screening "Gold Standard": Thyroid Ultrasound
2. High-risk groups: individuals with a history of radiation exposure to the head and neck during childhood; first-degree relatives with thyroid cancer; thyroid nodules accompanied by suspicious ultrasound findings; carriers of RET and other gene mutations.
3. Prevention suggestions: Avoid unnecessary radiation to the head and neck; consume iodine in moderation; do not abuse thyroid-related health products; follow up benign nodules regularly and do not undergo surgery blindly.
prostate cancer
1. Screening "gold standard": PSA detection + multi-parameter MRI, and for those who are suspicious, perform biopsy for confirmation
2. High-risk groups: males over 50 years old; individuals over 45 years old with a family history of prostate cancer; individuals with BRCA2 gene mutations; individuals with a high-fat diet and obesity.
3. Prevention suggestions: maintain a low-fat diet, consume more fruits, vegetables, and soy products; engage in regular exercise; control body weight; avoid excessive calcium supplementation.
endometrial cancer
1. Screening "Gold Standard": Transvaginal Ultrasound + Hysteroscopy/Dilation and Curettage Pathology
2. High-risk groups: obesity, diabetes, hypertension; infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome; long-term exposure to single estrogen; Lynch syndrome; postmenopausal women.
3. Prevention suggestions: control body weight; use estrogen in a standardized manner; treat polycystic ovary syndrome; be vigilant about postmenopausal bleeding.
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
1. Screening "gold standard": nasopharyngoscopy + Epstein-Barr virus-related testing
2. High-risk groups: residents of high-incidence areas in South China; individuals with positive Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) test results; those with a family history of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC); individuals who regularly consume pickled foods, smoke, or are exposed to cooking fumes.
3. Prevention suggestions: Eat less pickled food; quit smoking; avoid close transmission of EB virus; keep indoor ventilation.
Expert reminder
The core of cancer prevention and control lies in "early detection". The treatment of advanced cancer not only consumes enormous medical resources, but also yields relatively limited clinical benefits; whereas standardized early screening can effectively prevent the occurrence and progression of major diseases at minimal economic cost.
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