Recently, based on the latest data from tumor registration and follow-up monitoring, the National Cancer Center published the latest incidence and mortality of malignant tumors in China in the "Chinese Journal of Cancer", systematically sorting out the distribution of malignant tumor spectrum in China, providing important basic data for the formulation of tumor prevention and control strategies.
The latest monitoring data shows that:
In 2024, there were approximately 5.15 million new cases of malignant tumors nationwide, resulting in approximately 2.58 million deaths.
Top 10 malignant tumors by number of cases:
Lung cancer
thyroid cancer
colorectal cancer
Female breast cancer
liver cancer
Gastric cancer
esophageal cancer
prostate cancer
Cervical cancer
pancreatic cancer
Tumor prevention and treatment should follow the "three early" strategy
Currently, cancer has become a major public health issue threatening national health, and the situation of prevention and control remains severe. The "Three 1/3 Cancer Prevention" concept proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that:
One-third of cancers can be prevented from occurring through source control, one-third can be clinically cured through early screening and intervention, and one-third can have their survival extended, pain alleviated, and quality of life improved through standardized diagnosis and treatment.
Experts from Hainan Cancer Hospital/Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Hainan Medical University call for "early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment" as the core strategy to reduce cancer mortality, improve survival rates, and tackle the challenges of tumor prevention and treatment.
"Gold Standard" for Screening of Ten High-incidence Cancers
Please refer to this "gold standard" for cancer screening to check if you and your family members have missed any key screening items, and promptly complete the screening at the hospital. Alternatively, you can also visit our hospital for consultation and further precise screening under the guidance of professional doctors.
Lung cancer
1. Screening "Gold Standard": Low-Dose Spiral CT
2. High-risk population: individuals aged 50 to 74; those who have smoked ≥20 packs of cigarettes per year, or have quit smoking less than 15 years ago; long-term passive smokers; those with a family history of lung cancer; occupational exposure to radon, asbestos, heavy metals, etc. for a long time; individuals with previous chronic lung diseases.
3. Prevention recommendations: Quit smoking and stay away from second-hand smoke and third-hand smoke; reduce inhalation of kitchen fumes; avoid exposure to occupational hazards; eat more fresh fruits and vegetables; exercise regularly and maintain a healthy weight.
thyroid cancer
1. Screening "gold standard": thyroid ultrasound
2. High-risk population: individuals with a history of radiation exposure to the head and neck during childhood; first-degree relatives with thyroid cancer; thyroid nodules accompanied by suspicious ultrasound findings; carriers of RET and other gene mutations.
3. Prevention recommendations: Avoid unnecessary radiation to the head and neck; consume iodine in moderation; do not abuse thyroid-related health products; regularly follow up benign nodules and do not undergo surgery blindly.
colorectal cancer
1. Screening "Gold Standard": Colonoscopy
2. High-risk population: individuals aged 45 and above; those with a first-degree relative history of colorectal cancer; individuals with a history of intestinal adenoma or inflammatory bowel disease; those who have a long-term high-fat and low-fiber diet, are sedentary, obese, or smoke and drink alcohol.
3. Prevention recommendations: Increase dietary fiber intake, reduce red meat and processed meat; exercise regularly and avoid prolonged sitting; quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption; actively treat inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal polyps.
breast cancer
1. Screening "gold standard": mammography (mammography), combined with ultrasound for dense breast tissue
2. High-risk groups: those with a family history of breast cancer; BRCA1/2 gene mutations; early menarche and late menopause; never having given birth, having children late, or never breastfeeding; history of breast atypical hyperplasia.
3. Prevention recommendations: Regular exercise, weight control; limit alcohol intake; marry and have children at appropriate age, breastfeeding; avoid long-term exposure to exogenous estrogen.
liver cancer
1. Screening "gold standard": combined detection of abdominal ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
2. High-risk groups: individuals infected with hepatitis B/C virus; patients with cirrhosis; those with a family history of liver cancer; individuals with long-term alcohol abuse, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, or a history of consuming moldy foods.
3. Prevention recommendations: vaccinate against hepatitis B; standardize antiviral treatment; abstain from alcohol; avoid eating moldy foods; control body weight and improve fatty liver.
Gastric cancer
1. Screening "gold standard": gastroscopy
2. High-risk groups: individuals over 40 years old; people living in areas with a high incidence of gastric cancer; individuals infected with Helicobacter pylori; individuals with precancerous conditions such as chronic atrophic gastritis, gastric ulcer, and gastric polyps; individuals with a family history of gastric cancer; individuals who consume a high-salt, pickled diet, smoke, or drink alcohol.
3. Prevention recommendations: eradicate Helicobacter pylori; maintain a low-salt diet, and consume less pickled and smoked foods; increase intake of fresh fruits and vegetables; quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption; promptly treat gastric precancerous lesions.
esophageal cancer
1. Screening "gold standard": endoscopy (gastroscopy) + iodine staining + endoscopic electronic staining
2. High-risk groups: individuals over 40 years old; residents of areas with a high incidence of esophageal cancer; long-term smokers and heavy drinkers; those who prefer to eat hot foods and pickled foods; individuals with gastroesophageal reflux, Barrett's esophagus, or precancerous lesions; those with a family history.
3. Prevention recommendations: Avoid excessively hot foods and drinks; eat less pickled and moldy foods; quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption; actively treat gastroesophageal reflux; maintain oral hygiene.
prostate cancer
1. Screening "gold standard": PSA testing + multi-parameter MRI, with suspected cases undergoing biopsy for confirmation
2. High-risk groups: males over 50 years old; individuals over 45 years old with a family history of prostate cancer; individuals with BRCA2 gene mutations; individuals with a high-fat diet and obesity.
3. Prevention recommendations: maintain a low-fat diet, consume more fruits, vegetables, and soy products; engage in regular exercise; control body weight; avoid excessive calcium supplementation.
cervical cancer
1. Screening "gold standard": combined screening of HPV testing and cervical cytology (TCT)
2. High-risk groups: sexually active women; persistent infection with high-risk HPV types; multiple sexual partners, early sexual activity; smoking; low immunity; history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
3. Prevention recommendations: Get vaccinated against HPV; practice safe sex; quit smoking; undergo regular screenings; seek timely treatment for cervical lesions.
pancreatic cancer
1. Screening "gold standard": B-mode ultrasound (or CT or magnetic resonance imaging) + CA199
2. High-risk groups: over 40 years old; long-term smoking and alcohol consumption; chronic pancreatitis, new-onset diabetes; family history of pancreatic cancer; individuals with mutations in genes such as BRCA2.
3. Prevention recommendations: quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption; follow a low-fat diet; actively treat chronic pancreatitis and diabetes; reduce exposure to chemical carcinogens.
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